On June 2, 2005, NBC Philadelphia, had an interesting report. Christina Santhouse had a virus that is a rare brain disease caused by Rasmussen's syndrome, at the age of eight prisoners known. And the doctor had to perform hemispherectomy, removing half the brain of this. After 10 years, Christina was about to finish high school honors. Postoperatively, there was no work in a leg and left hand. He also lost his peripheral vision, but otherwise it was anormal teenager. A similar case was reported Bursa Telegraph (UK) 29 May 2002, called the disease as a child and he left hemisphere was also removed when she was three years, was fluent in Dutch and had turkish 7. In 1987, A. Smith reported that a patient with hemispherectomy had completed college, completed his university studies and scored above average in intelligence tests. The studies found no significant long-term memory, personality, mood, or afterMethods and minimal change in cognitive function in general.
The result is surprising hemispherectomy. Neuroscience tend to suggest that memory is stored in neurons in the brain. If this premise is true, removing half the brain may be to destroy the memory when the memory is in the structure of the neural network, such as cognitive physiology school, or at least to destroy half the memory when the bit information stored in the memory of each are neurons in the brainSuggested by another school of cognitive neuroscience. But it is clear that, unlike the results obtained with one of these statements. Remove the part of the brain is one of the standard operations for severe epilepsy and has taken thousands of times. Many results are quite similar to those of hemispherectomy.
The orthodox explanation for the observation that the information is stored in the affected areas of the brain, in part, duplicate the health of the brainoperation. This rationalization is still insufficient in view of brain surgery is performed. Surgeon infected area and some surrounding healthy tissue, sometimes a screen much bigger than the infected area to ensure that infections do not spread to delete. If the information is reproduced stored on the infected area is somewhere in the brain surgery is always a certain loss of information when healthy tissues surrounding the brain is removed so that theMemory suffer.
This was not observed after the operation. Therefore, it is necessary to assume that the data stored in memory to the health of adjacent tissue in other parts of the brain reproduced. This raises a question: How does the brain know the amount of healthy tissue is removed? When the brain does not know, inevitably destroy some memory operations. The belief that memory is stored in the brain (or neurons of the neural network) seem to contradictThe results of operational research on the brain.
In 1920, Karl Lashley conducted a series of experiments is to determine which part of the brain, memories are stored. That rats trained to find their way through a maze, then made lesions in various parts of the crust in an attempt to erase the memory trace of origin. Their animals were still able to find their way through the maze, regardless of where they had lesions in the brain. he concluded that memoriesstored in any region of the brain, but spread across it. The memory allocation for every event unique and whole brain energy inefficient and mathematically impossible. If your reasoning is not limited to the brain, the logical conclusion that the memory is not stored in the brain.
The instincts are hereditary and apparently has no idea that the information is stored in memory instincts, cognitive, and suppose thatacquired through experience and stored by the chemical signal in the nerve cells of the brain.
New research shows that cognitive memory can be inherited. A study conducted by Larry Feig, Tufts University School of Medicine shows in Boston, the mice, the mother received a mental training before pregnancy are at their service knowledge to their children spend the same direct contact between mothers and their descendants be. It 'clear that no cognitive memorythrough the experience gained by young people, and there is no obvious way for young people, the information stored in neurons, and where young people go to the store? Perhaps where to store the information instincts, you do not know the place.
"The areas of the brain thought as the hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, or mammillary bodies are involved in some types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is thought to be involved in spatial learning anddeclarative learning, while the amygdala is believed to be involved in emotional memory. Damage to certain regions of patients and in animal models and memory deficits following is a primary source of information. However, rather than involve a specific area, it is possible that the damage was along a journey through the area actually observed in the deficit "(From http://www.wikipedia.com). If all that was stored in a tank connected to your home for aThe road would not be able to get something out of the field when the road will be reduced. To assume that everyone on the road, you actually can do anything if the road is interrupted was saved ridiculous. The connection between the brain and memory is well established, which is beyond logic to conclude that memory is in the brain.
Wilder Penfield was a pioneer in the distribution of certain types of memory in certain brain areas. Iftransactions in certain types of temporal lobe epilepsy loci resulted in the elimination of the breakthroughs made the decision that patients without anesthesia-(block with local pain) was able to listen and answer your questions as temporary began as a. In fact, the answer given by the patient's verbal is essential for precise cutting Penfield this part of the brain that was involved, couldThe neurological symptoms are treated. Put an electrode in the brain to see the patient and electrical stimulation, as the patient.
A patient of Penfield has a selection of music is played by an orchestra particular, "if an item is on the upper surface of the right temporal lobe stimulated after removal of the front half of the fin." The sound was so clear that the patient believes that there is a phonograph in the operating room. In the same positionwas stimulated again (without removing the electrode and to stop the supply of new electrical impulses), the music at the same time, he had started earlier.
When the electrode maintained Penfield, heard nothing of the patient. Found that the patient could not guess what happened after the electrode was removed. "LG is one man's struggle. If the point was again suggested that he saw a man and a dog along a path." Often, memory is not powerhe said.
Early in his career in brain surgery, Penfield motivated memory must be stored somewhere in the brain and the appeal opened the door to the river of memory. His works have been numerous studies memory and emotions related to a specific area of the brain. Penfield ongoing research convinced him that the memory can not exist in the brain. He and his colleague reported that changes is the cerebral cortex after injury to the intelligence quotient. In one caseHe was surprised to learn that his patients had IQ of 75 80 to 95, after the extension of the bilateral removal of the prefrontal lobes. William Cone reported similar results after removing a portion of the patient's brain. other articles of Penfield, in particular the hippocampus and cortex had changed their views on the brain, consciousness and the mechanism of memory. Suggested that the interpretation of the crust of the temporal lobe end serves as a bridge, and the hippocampus is a keyAccess to the experience of the passage is located somewhere outside the brain.
The philosopher William James had a different opinion, but technically very similar to how consciousness Penfield. He argued that consciousness works through the brain, rather than the brain produces consciousness. The idea that the mind is separated from the body has a long tradition in Western thinker. Plato describes the earthly body as a limiting factor for the conscious experience. Kantborne by the body as "an imposition on our pure spiritual life." The idea of paying a fee, known as the scenarios of transmission --- the brain and the body serves as the manager of consciousness, rather than their trans-receiver. The evidence cited in support of this hypothesis are usually in government and scientific sectors, such as the psychedelic research, the psychological effect, after the experience of death, etc. In consequence of this hypothesis has been patient in the philosophical and scientificCommunity. But this does not mean they are wrong to separate from the consciousness of the body is a very sensible thing to do, given the events mentioned above.
Since memory is not in the brain function of the brain to be studied again. It 'possible that the brain itself as a bridge to the conscience of Penfield, or a trans-receiver William James proposed. The similarity between the two is obvious, and the brain is the only form of consciousnessand memory in both cases. The importance of the brain in the shop has a variety of support to critical research on a long history. But the evidence that the brain is the only body with the missing memory is allocated to the contrary, some evidence suggests that the heart is associated with memory.
At the heart of memory? The matter has been for years. The question was raised again after years of heart transplants and other organsPeople and notice some changes in the receiver. After heart transplantation have been perceived by some profound changes in personality. For some, there is an urgent need to consume the quantities of Mexican food, if this type of cuisine has never been a favorite. For others, a sudden love for football is so hated sports game before.
How to explain this phenomenon? The heart can feel, think and remember? The answer could provideLight on how the memory of those treated.
HeartMath MacCraty Rollin University of California looked at how the heart develops display process information. Their tests showed that the heart before the brain reacts in front of an emotional event. Closed heart has the capacity to process emotional information they have.
Thus, a link to the memory of the heart is a legitimate movement is based on these results. But there is no medical evidence that a change of hearta mechanical heart leads to memory loss. This means that memory is not stored in the heart. Perhaps because the heart does not remember, but it is a gateway to the store? What kind of memory can get to the heart? Gateway to other organs are very low memory? issues related to the development of research on memory to a much wider field to side of the brain.
The inevitable question is, if my memory is not in the brain, where memory alive? The short answer is: I do not know.scientific research always arises for a reference to a logical conclusion of a general theory of support. If the general theory is fundamentally flawed, the progress of science is to stop and wait for convincing evidence to refute the theory. But from there, again flourishing of science in the new database. The material was very fruitful for the promotion of living standards and scientific issues. Recent research suggests the reality in quantum mechanicsa basic level, the material can not. The memory can be in a physical form, do not know or do not live beyond our physical world. Await further testing.
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